To buy Treasury marketable securities, you must bid when we auction the type of security you want. (See How auctions work and Recent auction results.)
You can buy (bid for) Treasury marketable securities through:
- your TreasuryDirect account — non-competitive bids only
- a bank, broker, or dealer — competitive and non-competitive bids
You can no longer buy through Legacy Treasury Direct. When you schedule the purchase of a marketable security in TreasuryDirect, you don’t know the interest rate. The interest rate is determined at auction.
Each auction is for a specific type of security which is identified with a unique CUSIP number. A marketable security is a Treasury bill, Treasury note, Treasury bond, TIPS or FRN.
Some auctions are the original issue (first time), when a specific CUSIP is sold. Some are additional issue (reopenings), when we sell more of a specific CUSIP that was sold before. See more about reopenings below.
Sometimes, when you buy a security, several days may pass between the Dated Date and the actual Issue Date. In that case the security earns interest for the time between the Dated Date and the date we issue the security. That "accrued interest" becomes part of the purchase price. You get it back later as part of the first regular interest payment. See more about paying accrued interest below.
Buying in TreasuryDirect
TreasuryDirect is the official United States government application in which you can buy and hold savings bonds and Treasury marketable securities (Notes, Bonds, Bills, TIPS, and FRNs).
To buy, you must have a TreasuryDirect account.
In TreasuryDirect, you may open an account and buy Treasury marketable securities for yourself (an individual registration). With an individual registration, you may also link your account to an account for a child under the age of 18.
Entities, including corporations, estates, partnerships, or trusts, among others, may open a TreasuryDirect account. See About entity accounts.
When you buy through TreasuryDirect, you must hold new Treasury marketable securities for at least 45 calendar days before transferring or selling them. This holding period does not apply when your new security is bought with proceeds from a reinvestment of a maturing security.
Open a TreasuryDirect account
Bidding non-competitively in TreasuryDirect
When bidding in TreasuryDirect:
- you are guaranteed to get the security you want in the amount you want.
- you agree to accept the discount rate, yield, or discount margin determined at auction.
Submitting a bid in TreasuryDirect
To bid in TreasuryDirect:
- Go to your TreasuryDirect account.
- Choose the Buy Direct tab.
- Follow the prompts to choose the security you want, specify the amount you want to buy, and fill in the information required.
All Treasury marketable securities require a minimum bid of $100. You may bid in increments of $100 up to a maximum of $10 million for a non-competitive bid.
Buying in TreasuryDirect by reinvesting
For Notes, Bonds, Bills, and FRNs, you may use reinvestments to continue to hold Treasury marketable securities. In a reinvestment, you are buying the same type of security with the funds from a maturing one. For example, you can use the money from a maturing 52-week bill to buy another 52-week bill.
See our page on reinvesting.
Getting ready to pay in Treasury Direct
On auction day, you can see the results after 5 PM Eastern time.
In TreasuryDirect:
- Go to your TreasuryDirect account.
- Choose Current Holdings
- Choose Pending Purchases and Reinvestments
- See the auction results and the price you must pay for your bid. (You will see the price per $100 that resulted at the auction plus the amount of accrued interest you may have to pay. See more about accrued interest further down this page.)
- Make sure enough money is in your bank account to pay for the security before the issue date for that security.
Paying for Treasury marketable securities in TreasuryDirect
When you buy a Treasury marketable security in TreasuryDirect, we take the money from the source of funds you specify — a bank account or Certificate of Indebtedness (C of I).
Buying through a bank, broker, or dealer
Individuals, organizations, fiduciaries, and corporate investors may buy Treasury securities through a bank, broker, or dealer.
With a bank, broker, or dealer, you may bid for Treasury marketable securities non-competitively or competitively, but not both, for the same auction.
Bidding non-competitively
Bidding non-competitively is the same whether through TreasuryDirect or a bank, broker, or dealer. (See the section higher on this page about Bidding non-competitively in TreasuryDirect.)
Bidding competitively
To bid competitively, you must work through a bank, broker, or dealer.
When you bid competitively, you specify the discount rate, yield, or discount margin you will accept.
Depending on the final results of the auction, you may or may not get the security you want. If you get it, it may be less than the amount you want.
| If your competitive bid is | you get |
|---|---|
| less than the yield, discount rate, or discount margin you will accept | all you bid for |
| equal to the yield, discount rate, or discount margin you will accept | some of what you bid for |
| more than the yield, discount rate, or discount margin you will accept | nothing |
For all aspects of buying through a bank, broker, or dealer, such as how to pay for your securities, contact the bank, broker, or dealer.
More about reopenings
In a security reopening, the U.S. Treasury issues additional amounts of a previously issued security.
When we auction a security in a reopening, the security has the same CUSIP, maturity date, and interest payment dates as the original offering. However, it has a different issue date and usually a different price.
Sometimes, with a reopened security, you may have to pay accrued interest. If this is the case, you get that interest back as part of the first regular interest payment for that security.
Treasury reopens unmatured Treasury Notes, Floating Rate Notes, Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities, and Treasury Bond securities on a regular, recurring schedule. See the Schedule for reopenings.
More about paying accrued interest in the purchase price
This does not apply to Bills because they only pay interest at maturity.
For a Note, Bond, TIPS or FRN, several days may pass between the Dated Date and the actual Issue Date. The security earns interest during those days. That "accrued interest" becomes part of the purchase price of the security. You get the accrued interest back as part of the first regular interest payment for the security. For an explanation of Dated Date and Issue Date, see both terms in our Glossary for Treasury Marketable Securities at: https://treasurydirect.gov/help-center/glossary-for-marketable-securities/
As someone deeply immersed in the intricacies of Treasury marketable securities, I can assure you that navigating this financial terrain requires a keen understanding of various concepts and processes. With a wealth of knowledge in financial instruments and markets, I'll elucidate the key concepts embedded in the provided article.
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Treasury Marketable Securities:
- This category includes Treasury bills, Treasury notes, Treasury bonds, Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS), and Floating Rate Notes (FRNs). Each security type is identified by a unique CUSIP number.
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Auctions:
- Treasury marketable securities are typically acquired through auctions. These auctions determine the interest rate for the securities. Auctions can be either original issue (first time) or additional issue (reopenings) for a specific CUSIP.
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Accrued Interest:
- The period between the Dated Date and the Issue Date may result in accrued interest. This accrued interest becomes part of the purchase price, and buyers receive it back as part of the first regular interest payment.
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TreasuryDirect:
- TreasuryDirect is the official U.S. government application for buying and holding savings bonds and Treasury marketable securities. Individuals and entities, including corporations, estates, partnerships, or trusts, can open accounts. Marketable securities must be held for at least 45 calendar days before transferring or selling unless bought with reinvestment proceeds.
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Bidding in TreasuryDirect:
- Bidding in TreasuryDirect involves non-competitive bids only. Bidders are guaranteed the security they want in the specified amount and agree to accept the determined discount rate, yield, or discount margin at auction.
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Reinvesting:
- Reinvestments allow the continuation of holding Treasury marketable securities by using funds from a maturing security to purchase the same type of security.
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Auction Results in TreasuryDirect:
- Auction results, including the price and accrued interest, can be viewed in TreasuryDirect after 5 PM Eastern time on auction day. Sufficient funds must be in the bank account to pay for the security before the issue date.
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Buying through a Bank, Broker, or Dealer:
- Individuals and entities can buy Treasury securities through a bank, broker, or dealer. Bids can be non-competitive or competitive, but not both, for the same auction.
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Competitive Bidding:
- Competitive bids are made through a bank, broker, or dealer, and the bidder specifies the discount rate, yield, or discount margin. The outcome depends on the auction results, and the bidder may or may not receive the desired amount.
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Reopenings:
- Reopenings involve issuing additional amounts of a previously issued security. The reopened security shares the same CUSIP, maturity date, and interest payment dates as the original offering but may have a different issue date and price.
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Paying Accrued Interest in the Purchase Price:
- Bills do not accrue interest, but for Notes, Bonds, TIPS, or FRNs, accrued interest becomes part of the purchase price. Buyers receive the accrued interest back as part of the first regular interest payment.
Understanding these concepts is crucial for anyone venturing into the Treasury marketable securities realm, whether through TreasuryDirect or other channels. If you have any specific questions or need further clarification on these concepts, feel free to ask.
